Networking ,programming & more....

Tuesday, July 27, 2010

Some books on Linux for Beginners

Some books on Java in Linux and Linux :

OReilly-Understanding the Linux Kernel-2nd Edition.chm
rarlinux-x64-3.9.2.tar.gz

Monday, April 12, 2010

O'Reillys Collection of Books, find books on everything from O'Reilly's

Unattended Installation of XP:

This is the method of installing Windows XP professional by providing every user input required before installing.
Till now we all knew only 1 way of installing XP, i.e. inserting CD in CD drive and following instructions and then in the middle we would CD Key and other details. For this we had sit in front of computer all day. But there is also way to install XP where we can enter all the details before installing XP. But for this u need some work to do before formatting your PC. You need XP or other windows OS installed already.

So lets begin:
1. Insert XP CD in the Drive.
2. Then go to CD drive (D or E whatever be the CD drive in your PC. )
3. Then go to Help & Support -> then to Tools -> then open Deploy.cab
4. Copy all and paste in another folder in the desktop(or rather anywhere in your computer).
Or just replace the drive D from your CD drive and paste in the run “D:SUPPORT\TOOLS\DEPLOY.CAB” without quotes and repeat step 4.
5.1. Then in those files run the”setupmgr.exe” and follow the instructions:
5.2. Select the option to create new answer file.
5.3. Then select Unattended installation.
5.4. Then select the OS.
5.5. Then select fully automated.

5.6.Then select the second option saying install from CD.
5.7. Accept the agreement.
Then enter details.
6. Save the unattent.txt file anywhere in the another drive.
7. Then open Command Prompt(type cmd in run to open).
8. open CD drive
c:>d: (here replace D with your CD drive)
d:>CD i386
d:i386>winnt32/unattend:c:….the path of attend.txt saved in 6Th step.
Make sure there is no spaces or it wont work.
It will reinstall the XP in your System in the same drive.

Saturday, April 10, 2010

Complete IP address: For beginners...

Ip Address:

Internet protocol or IP is an address given to each computer in network. The address is a 32 bit numeric value consisting of numbers separated by dots. It has network part and host part. The network is the address of network to which you belong like the area code or colony name... and the host part is address of the particular computer or client like your house's address.
Each IP address has both the things.
The IP address is divided into 4 parts each of 8 bits and each part is called an octet. The parts are divided by a Dot. The first octet is always the host part and the last octet is always the host part.
The IP address is written in 3 ways:
1. Binary Form: 11000000.10101000.00000000.00000001
2. Dotted Decimal Form: 192.168.0.1
3. Hexadecimal Form: C0-A8-00-01
This type of IP address consisting of 32 bit is called IPv4 or IP version 4. Since only near about 4 billion IP Address could be formed with 32 bits IP address or v4. And the left IP addresses(not yet used) for other people was very limited, a new version of IP was developed called IPv6 which is a 128 bit IP address.
We will talk about this later.
Dotted Decimal:
The way we use for writing IP address is dotted decimal. Since the computer only understands Binary numbers , therefore internally in computer IP address is also converted into binary before being used by the computer and routers.
As already stated above, the 1st octet is always used for Network ID or Network Part and the last for Host part. 2nd and 3rd octet may be used for Network part or host part.
On the basis of the range of values in the 1st octet the IP address may be classified in 5 different classes:
1. Class A
2. Class B
3. Class C
4. Class D
5. Class E

1. CLASS A :-
If the value in 1st octet is between 0-127 it belongs to Class A. But the 1st address and the last address i.e. 0 and 127 are reserved for special cases. It can’t be used by public for a particular computer. The 127.x.y.z is reserved for loop back function to check the network settings in a computer.
The IP address of class A has 1 network part and 3 host part.

Network Part Host Part Host Part Host Part
|----8bits-| |----8bits----| |----8bits----| |----8bits----|

The Last 3 parts may contain any value from 0-255(except the in the 4th part where we can use only till 254,).
In Network Part:
1st Eight bits may be: 0xxxxxxx where x=0/1
The 1st bit is constant and is 0.
Therefore the minimum value is: 00000000=0 (where x=0)
The maximum value =01111111=127(where x=1 )
That is why the range for 1st class is from 0-127.
Maximum number of possible networks=2^ ( total number of network bits – constant bits) – reserved addresses
= 2^ (8-1) – 2 = 2^7-2 = 128-2= 126.
Maximum number of possible clients per network=2^no of host bits -2
= 2^24 -2 = 16777216 – 2=16777214 address.
Note: This 2 is being subtracted because 2 host addresses are already reserved for Administrative tasks. The 1st host address in every network (which may be 0 for example: in class C this could be 192.168.1.0 where only the last part is host part.) and the last for broadcasting i.e.to send a message to all the hosts in a network (Suppose in a network using Class ‘A’ address. If the server would like to sent a message to all the clients it can just sent the message to this broadcast address and it will be forwarded to all. You can’t manually enter every client’s IP address, as there could be as many as 16777214 clients). So it will be subtracted in every class i.e.in A,B and C.
This means that in 1 network there can be 16777214 clients for class A.
2. CLASS B :-
If the value in 1st octet is between 128-191 it belongs to Class B. This class also doesn’t have any reserved value in the Network Part. This has 2 Network Part and 2 Host Part:

Network Part Network Part Host Part Host Part
|--8bits--| |----8bits----| |----8bits-- |-----8bits----|

Here also the last 3 octet may have any value between 0-255 (except for the last octet which can have between 1-254. The reason is already stated in Class ‘A’) since the class is decided only by the 1st octet.

In the Network Parts:-

Range: 128-191.
1st Eight Bits may be: 10xxxxxx (where x=0/1)
As in class A 1st bit was constant in this class 1st 2 bits are constant and are: 1 & 0.
Therefore Minimum value of 1st octet could be: 10000000 = 128 (where x=0)
And maximum value =10111111=191(where x=1).
That’s why the range is 128-191.
Maximum numbers of possible Networks= 2^(no of network bits – constant bits)
= 2^(16-2) = 2^14
=16384.
Maximum number of possible clients or hosts= 2^number of host bits – 2
=2^16 - 2 = 65536-2
= 65534.
3. CLASS C :-
If the value in the 1st octet in between 192-223, then IP belongs to Class C. This class also doesnt' have any reserved value in the Network Part.
It has 3 Network Parts and 1 Host Part:

Network Part Network Part Network Part Host Part
|----8bits--| |---8bits----| |----8bits-----| |---8bits---|

Here too the last 3 octets can have values between 0-255 (except for the last octet which can have between 1-254. The reason is already stated in Class ‘A’).
In Network Part:
1st Eight bits may be: 110xxxxx (where x=0/1).
H ere the 1st 3 bits are constant .
Like the last 2 classes the minimum value of 1st octet will be: 11000000 =192 (where x=0)
Maximum value of 1st octet: 11011111=223(where x=1).
Therefore the range is 192-223.
Maximum numbers of possible Networks= 2^(no of network bits – constant bits)
= 2^(24-3) = 2^21
= 2097152.
Maximum number of possible clients or hosts= 2^number of host bits – 2
=2^8 - 2 = 256-2
= 254.
Since this Class has least number of possible hosts, it is used by small to medium companies. But generally big companies use class B addresses.

4-5. Class D:-

If the value is between 224 -239, it belongs to class D. And if its between 240-255 it belongs to Class E.
The Class D & E IP addresses are not for public use. Class D addresses are used for Multicasting(Remember broadcasting, here in multicasting,the number of clients are limited or a particular group of hosts are the recipients ) by routers and servers. It is for internal use and for administrative works.

Class E is reserved particularly for Research and Development.

Now that you have a great deal of knowledge on IP, you should also know about SUBNET MASK. In networking generally, subnet mask goes in parallel with IP.

SUBNET MASK

It is also a 32 bit address used by computer to distinguish between Network Part and Host Part.
Since the computer internally works on binary it needs something in binary to get the 2 parts.
The 255 value represents Network Part and 0 represents Host Part.
The Default subnet masks for the 3 Classes are:
Class A: 255.0.0.0
Class B: 255.255.0.0
Class C: 255.255.255.0
Note: The word default is being used because these subnet addresses are considered to be according to class. There’s another use of subnet mask called Subnetting and in that subnet masks are different from the above mentioned addresses.

IP Address Management Principles and Practice (IEEE Press Series on Network Management)

Thursday, March 25, 2010

Summary of TCP/IP commands for all platforms..

INTRODUCTION
This summary lists many of the commonly used commands (with
brief descriptions) for FTP and TCP/IP, as well as related z/OS,
z/VM, VSE, Linux, and VTAM commands.

TCP/IP Commands for TSO/E
**Note: The following TCP/IP commands should be done from the
TSO command panel or the READY prompt.
Note: hostname may be the IP address of the host, or the host
name of the host.

• FTP hostname {port} - Connect to remote host to get/put files.
Defaults to port 21.
• HOMETEST - Validate TCP/IP configuration.
• NETSTAT option {TCP procname} - Display network status
of local host. Use ? for list of options.
• NETSTAT ALLCON|CONN - Display port connections for
the TCP/IP stack.
• NETSTAT ARP ALL|ipaddress - Display ARP cache for the
TCP/IP stack.
• NETSTAT DEV - Display the status of the device(s) and
link(s) for the TCP/IP stack.
• NETSTAT GATE|ROUTE - Display routing information for
the TCP/IP stack. (Different views)
• NETSTAT HOME - Display IP address(es) for the stack.
• PING hostname - Sends an echo request to a host name or
address to determine if the computer is accessible. Use ? for list
of options.
• TELNET hostname {port} - Log on to remote host. By default,
port 23 is used. Use ? for list of options.
• TRACERTE hostname - Trace hops from this host to
destination host. Use ? for list of options.

z/OS Console Commands for TCP/IP

***Note: If multiple stacks are running, you must identify the stack in
the procname field.
• D TCPIP - list names and status of TCP/IP stacks.
• D TCPIP,{procname},HELP - display list of TCP/IP display
options. These include -NETSTAT, TELNET, HELP,
DISPLAY, VARY, OMPROUTE, SYSPLEX, STOR.
• D TCPIP,{procname},Netstat,ALLCONN|CONN - display
socket information for the TCP/IP stack.
• D TCPIP,{procname},Netstat,ARP - display contents of ARP
cache for the TCP/IP stack.
• D TCPIP,{procname},Netstat,DEVlinks - display Device and
link status for the TCP/IP stack.
• D TCPIP,{procname},Netstat,HOME - display the IP
address(es) for the TCP/IP stack.
• D TCPIP,{procname},Netstat,ROUTE - display the routing
table for the TCP/IP stack.
• V TCPIP,{procname},HELP - display list of TCP/IP vary
options. These include - HELP, OBEYFILE, PKTTRACE,
DATTRACE, START, STOP, PURGECACHE
• V TCPIP,{procname},PURGECACHE,linkname - purge
ARP cache for the specified adapter (linkname from
NETSTAT,DEVLINKS).
• V TCPIP,{procname},START|STOP,devname - Start or stop
the device name identified in NETSTAT DEV output.
• V TCPIP,{procname},Telnet,xxxx - performs specified
function for TELNET.
ACT|INACT,luname - Enables|disables lu as VTAM
session candidate
QUIESCE - Blocks new connections.
RESUME - Ends QUIESCEd state.
STOP - Ends telnet connections and closes port.

Related z/OS Console Commands :

• D IOS,MIH,DEV=dddd - MIH value for device
Note: The value for "c's and d's" in the following Display
Matrix (D M) command is optional, but if included, must be in
parentheses ().
• D M=CHP{(cc)}|DEV{(dddd)} - Status of CHPID cc, or
summary of all CHPIDs if (cc) is not provided.
Display CHPIDs/device status or summary of CHPID status of
all devices if (dddd) is not provided.
• D U,,ALLOC|OFFLINE|ONLINE - Display information for
all devices by selected status.
• D U,,,dddd{,nnn} - Display status of devices starting at device
dddd for nnn number of devices (default 16).
• SETIOS MIH,DEV=ddd,TIME=mm:ss - set MIH time for
specified device.
• V dddd|dddd-dddd,OFFLINE|ONLINE - vary device(s)
offline or online.
• CF CHP(cc),ONline|OFFline - Configure online/offline
CHPID cc to MVS & hardware.

z/VM Operator Commands:

***Note: Requires class B authority to issue the following commands.

• Q MITIME - Display MIH times for devices.
• Q OSA ACTIVE|ALL - display status of OSA devices.
• Q rdev|rdev-rdev - Display status of real device(s).
• Q PATHS rdev|rdev-rdev - Display path status to real
device(s) (PIM, PAM, LPM).
• Q CHPID cc - Display real CHPID status.
• VARY OFF|ON rdev|rdev-rdev - vary device(s) off or online
• VARY OFF|ON PATH cc FROM|TO rdev|rdev-rdev -
change the status of a path to device(s).
• VARY OFF|ON CHPID cc - configure a CHPID off or on to
both hardware and software.

z/VM TCP/IP Commands:

***Note: Your CMS userid must be linked to the TCPMAINT 592
minidisk to execute the following commands.
***Note: hostname may be the IP address of the host, or the host
name of the host.

• FTP hostname {port} - Connect to remote host to get/put files.
Defaults to port 21. Enter FTP ? for list of options.
• HOMETEST - Validate TCP/IP configuration.
• IFCONFIG - display network interfaces.
• IFCONFIG interface UP|DOWN - Start or stop the specified
network interface.
• NETSTAT option - Display network status of local host. Use ?
for list of options.
• NETSTAT ALLCON|CONN - Display all port connections
for the TCP/IP stack.
• NETSTAT ARP *|ipaddress - Display ARP cache for the
TCP/IP stack.
• NETSTAT DEV - Display the status of the device(s) and
link(s) for the TCP/IP stack.
• NETSTAT GATE - Display TCP/IP routing information.
• NETSTAT HOME - Display IP address(es) in TCP/IP stack.
• NETSTAT OBEY START|STOP devname - Start or stop the
device name identified in NETSTAT DEV output.
• PING hostname - Sends an echo request to a host name or
address to determine if the computer is accessible. Use ? for list
of options.
• TELNET hostname {port} - Log on to remote host. By default,
port 23 is used. Use ? for list of options.
• TRACERTE hostname - Trace hops from this host to
destination host. Use ? for list of options.

VSE TCP/IP Commands:

***Note: hostname may be the IP address of the host, or the host
name of the host.
• PING hostname - Sends an echo request to a host name or
address to determine if the computer is accessible.
• Query ARP{,IP=hostname} - Display contents of ARP cache
for the TCP/IP stack.
• Query CON{,IP=hostname} - Display port connections for
the TCP/IP stack.
• Query LINKs{,ID=name} - Display link status.
• Query MASKs - Display contents of subnet mask table.
• Query ROUTes{ID=name|,IP=hostname} - Display routing
table for the TCP/IP stack.
• STATUS dddd - Display device status
• START LINK=name -start a link in the TCP/IP stack.
• STOP LINK=name -suspends attempts to activate a link.
• Note: Use with CTCA and cross-partition links (not OSA).
• TRACERT hostname - Trace hops from this host to
destination host.

VTAM Commands:-
VTAM commands related to OSA cards.

• D NET,ID=name - display network named in ID field
Additional parameters that may be added:
,SCOPE=ONLY|ACT|ALL|INACT
,E - Gives extended information about the node.
• D NET,MAJNODES|APPLS - Shows status of all active
major nodes or applications.
• D NET,PENDING - Lists nodes in pending states.
• D NET,TRL - display list of TRLEs.
• D NET,TRL,TRLE=trlename - display status of specific
TRLE. (Use this command to display the devices assigned to a
QDIO (or MPC) OSA-Express resource.)
• V NET,ACT,ID=ISTTRL,UPDATE=ALL - Deletes all
inactive TRLEs.
• V NET,ACT,ID=name - Activates the VTAM resource
identified by the name.
• V NET,INACT,ID=name - Inactivates the VTAM resource
identified by the name.
,F|I|U - Deactivate FORCE, IMMEDIATE, or
UNCONDITIONAL (if normal inact fails).

TCP/IP Commands for OS/2:-

***Note:Commands must be done from a command prompt window.
The commands are listed in upper case for presentation only. They
should be entered in lower case.
***Note: hostname may be the IP address of the host, or the host
name of the host.

• ARP -A - Display ARP cache. Use -? for options.
• FTP hostname {port} - Connect to remote host to get/put files.
Defaults to port 21. Use -? for list of options.
NETSTAT command output may roll through the OS/2 window. To
prevent this, add |more to the end of the netstat command. (Or direct
output to a file by adding >filename.TXT to the end of the
NETSTAT command.)
• HOST ipaddress - Sends request to an IP address and returns
information about the hostname.
• NETSTAT -? - Display a list of options.
• NETSTAT -A - Display host network address.
• NETSTAT -C - Display host ICMP statistics.
• NETSTAT -H - host name for specified IP address.
• NETSTAT -I - Display host IP statistics.
• NETSTAT -N - Display host network interface details. (Like
MAC, speed, and statistics)
• NETSTAT -P - Display host ARP cache.
• NETSTAT -R - Display host routes.
• NETSTAT -S - Display host sockets.
• NETSTAT -T - Display host TCP statistics.
• NETSTAT -U - Display host UDP statistics.
• PING hostname - Sends an echo request to a host name or
address to determine if computer is accessible. (To cancel, use
Ctrl + C.) Use -? for list of options.
• TELNET {-p port} hostname - Log on to remote host. By
default, port 23 is used. Use -? for list of options.
• TRACERTE hostname - Trace hops from this host to
destination host. Use -? for list of options.

TCP/IP Commands for Windows(older):

***Commands should work for Windows 95, 98, NT, & 2000 1.
Commands must be done from a command prompt window.
The commands are listed in upper case for presentation only. They
should be entered in lower case.
***Note: hostname may be the IP address of the host, or the host
name of the host.

• ARP -A - Display ARP cache. Use -? for options.
• FTP hostname - Connect to remote host to get/put files.
Defaults to port 21. Use -? for list of options.
Note: The output of the NETSTAT command may roll through your
window. To prevent this, add |more to the end of the netstat
command. (Or direct the output to a file by adding >filename.TXT
to the end of the NETSTAT command.)
• NETSTAT -? - Display a list of options.
• NETSTAT -A - Display host socket information.
• NETSTAT -E - Display host Ethernet statistics.
• NETSTAT -N - Display host addresses and ports numerically.
• NETSTAT -P TCP|UDP|IP - Display connection information
for the selected protocol.
• NETSTAT -R - Display host routes.
• NETSTAT -S - Display host statistics.
• PING hostname - Sends an echo request to a host name or
address to determine if the computer is accessible. Use -? for
list of options.
• TELNET hostname {port} - Log on to remote host. By default,
port 23 is used. Use -? for list of options.
• TRACERT hostname - Trace hops from this host to
destination host. Use -? for list of options.
1Windows, Windows 95, 98, NT, and 2000 are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

TCP/IP Commands for Linux:

***The commands are listed in upper case for presentation only. They
should be entered in lower case.

• ARP - Display ARP cache. Use -? for options.
• DMESG |MORE - Display complete information about the
Linux environment including network devices. ( |MORE keeps
output from scrolling.) ( > filename to send to a file.)
• FTP hostname|ipaddress - Connect to remote host to get/put
files. Defaults to port 21. Use -? for options.
• IFCONFIG - display network interfaces (like LO,EN0,TR0)
• IFCONFIG interface UP|DOWN - Start or stop the selected
network interface(EN0,TR0, etc).
For the following NETSTAT commands, adding N to the option
will display numerical output. AddingV will display verbose.
• NETSTAT -A - Display all sockets.
• NETSTAT -I - Display interface table.
• NETSTAT -R - Display host routes.
• PING hostname|ipaddress - Sends an echo request to a host to
determine if the computer is accessible. Use -? for options.
• ROUTE - Displays IP routing table.
• TELNET hostname|ipaddress {port} - Log on to remote host.
By default, port 23 is used. Use -? for options.
• TRACEROUTE hostname|ipaddress - Trace hops from this
host to destination host. Use -? for list of options.

FTP Subcommands:-

• ascii - ASCII transfer of text files.
• binary - BINARY transfer of binary files.
• cd remote-directory - Change directory on remote host.
• close - Ends the FTP session. After close, OPEN a new
connection or QUIT from FTP.
• delete filename - Delete the file from remote host.
• dir {file destination} - Gives full directory listing on remote
host. file - file to be listed. destination - where to put listing.
Both file and destination are optional.
• get filename {localfilename} - Get a file from remote host.
• hash - Display a hash sign (#) every time a block of data is
transferred. (Useful for large transfers.)
• help {command} - Displays a description of the command. If a
command is not specified, a list of commands is displayed.
• lcd directory - Change directory on your local machine.
• ls {file destination} - Like dir, but less information.
• mget file-list - Get multiple files from remote machine.
• mput file-list - Put multiple files to remote machine.
• open machine-name - Connect to named machine (IP or host
name). Old connection must be CLOSEd first.
• prompt - Turn prompting off/on for mget and mput.
• put filename {remotefilename} - Put a file onto remote host.
• pwd - Present Working Directory on remote host.
• quit|bye - exits FTP.

Some Questions for CCNA Guys:

Some sample and easy questions on CCNA just to refresh you:-

1) Which of the following protocols use "Hello" packets?
A) OSPF
B) RIP2
C) IGRP
D) RIP
2) How to enable a Banner on a Cisco Router ?
A) Router(Config-if)# banner motd #
B) Router(Config)# banner motd #
C) Router(Config)# motd banner motd #
D) Router(Config-if)# motd banner #
3) How many hosts and subnets are possible if you have an IP of 151.242.16.49 with a
subnet mask of 7 bits?
A) 510 hosts and 126 subnets
B) 512 hosts and 128 subnets
C) 126 subnets and 510 hosts
D) 128 subnets and 512 hosts
4) What's the default subnet mask for a Class C IP adresses?
A) 255.0.0.0
B) 255.255.0.0
C) 255.255.255.0
D) 255.255.255.255
5) Which encapsulation must be used to enable Ethernet_II frame type on your Ethernet
interface?
A) SAP
B) ARPA
C) RIP
D) SNAP
6) Which IP-class provides the least number of Hosts?
A) Class A
B) Class B
C) Class C
D) Class D
7) How to define access-list commands ?
A) Router(config-if)# access-list 1 permit 172.16.20.1 255.255.0.0
B) Router(config) # access-list 1 permit 172.16.20.1 255.255.0.0
C) Router(config-if)# access-list 1 permit 172.16.20.1 0.0.0.0
D) Router(config) # access-list 1 permit 172.16.20.1 0.0.0.0
8) Which of the following solutions prevent routing loops?
A) Split Horizon
B) Poison Reverse
C) Hold-down Timers
D) Triggered Updates
9) Which of the following is a valid extended IP access list?
A) access-list 101 permit ip host 175.2.10.0 any eq 80
B) access-list 101 permit ip host 175.2.10.0 any eq www
C) access-list 101 permit tcp host 175.2.10.0 any eq 80
D) access-list 101 permit icmp host 175.2.10.0 any eq www
10) Which of the following is true about IP RIP based networks?
A) The default update time is 30 seconds.
B) The default update time is 90 seconds.
C) Only changes to the routing tables are sent during updates.
D) Complete routing table are sent during updates.
11) How do you apply the access group command?
A) Router(config) # access-list 1 out
B) Router(config-if) # access-listp 1 out
C) Router(config) # access-group 1 out
D) Router(config-if) # access-group 1 out
12) What are the access-list ranges of IP (standard and extended)?
A) 1-99 and 100-199
B) 1-99 and 900-999
C) 100-199 and 800-899
D) 800-899 and 900-999
13) Which are true regarding VLANs?
A) VLANs have the same collision domain
B) VLANs have the same broadcast domain
C) VLANs are less secure compared to switch or hub networks.
D) VLANs use layer 2 switching which is a substitute for routing technology which uses
routers.
14) Which of the following statements are true about EIGRP route summarization?
A) EIGRP provides summarization of routes at classful boundaries by default.
B) For summarizing routes at an arbitrary boundary, one need to disable auto
summarization, using “no auto-summary” command.
C) Manual summarization in EIGRP network takes place on any interface in the network.
D) For specifying a summary route manually, you must specify the metrics.
15) How many access-lists are possible on an interface per protocol ?
A) There can be only one access list in and one for out per router.
B) There can be only one access list for in and one for out on each interface per protocol.
C) There can be only one access list per router.
D) There can be only one access list for each interface per protocol.
16) What does the ISDN protocol Q define ?
A) Concepts, terminology and services
B) Existing telephone network
C) Switching and signaling
D) Quality of Services
17) You have a network ID of 121.69.0.0. You need to divide it into multiple subnets
with at least 500 hosts per each subnet. Which subnet mask should you use so that you
will be able to divide the network into maximum number of subnets?
A) 255.255.128.0
B) 255.255.224.0
C) 255.255.248.0
D) 255.255.254.0
18) What switching type has the lowest latency?
A) Store and forward
B) Cut-through
C) Split horizon
D) Fragment-free
19) What comprises an ISDN BRI line?
A) Two 64 KBPS B channels and one 4 KBPS D channel
B) 24 B channels and one 64 KBPS D channel
C) Two 64 KBPS B channels and one 16 KBPS D channel
D) One 64 KBPS B channels and one 16 KBPS D channel
20) Where is the fully functional IOS stored?
A) Flash
B) ROM
C) RAM
D) NVRAM
Answer Key
1)A, 2)B, 3)C, 4)C, 5)B, 6)C, 7)D, 8)A,B,C,D 9)C, 10)A,D 11)D, 12)A, 13)B, 14)A,B,C
15)B, 16)C 17)D, 18)B, 19)C, 20)A

Thursday, February 11, 2010

Some tuts and books on networking for everyone....

Practicle knowledge for MCSE guys i.e. with pics:

http://www.4shared.com/file/219815219/268fcbbf/MCSE_PRACTICALS.html

Networking basics and tuts for guys :-

http://www.4shared.com/file/219820449/2f0bc9aa/MCSE_Networking_Essentials_1.html
http://www.4shared.com/file/219825839/5e8e563b/MCSE_-_Networking_-_TCPIP_Trai.html
http://www.4shared.com/file/219832638/83a05aae/MCSE_Networking_Essentials.html